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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Marianthi Kiriakidou1, Cathy Lee Ching1

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., C.L.C.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) presents diverse symptoms due to immune system dysregulation. Lupus nephritis, a common complication, necessitates tailored treatments, especially in pregnant women, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) involves aberrant immune system activity, causing varied clinical manifestations.
  • Lupus disproportionately affects African American women and other ethnic minority women.
  • Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity complicates lupus diagnosis, treatment, and novel therapy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing and treating lupus.
  • To emphasize the significance of lupus nephritis as a major organ manifestation.
  • To underscore the need for individualized care and multidisciplinary approaches, particularly for pregnant lupus patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lupus pathophysiology and clinical management.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding lupus prevalence in diverse populations.
  • Examination of treatment strategies for lupus nephritis and management of lupus in pregnancy.

    • Main Results:

    • Lupus nephritis is the most frequent target-organ manifestation, demanding personalized treatment to mitigate toxicity.
    • Effective management of lupus, especially during pregnancy, requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary healthcare team.
    • The heterogeneity of lupus presents ongoing challenges for therapeutic advancements.

    Conclusions:

    • Individualized care is crucial for managing lupus nephritis and minimizing treatment toxicity.
    • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing outcomes in pregnant patients with lupus.
    • Addressing the genetic and phenotypic diversity of lupus is key to developing effective novel therapies.