Plant phenome to genome: a mini-review

Rapid advances in biotechnologies have provided a template for defining the genome-transcriptome-proteome in many plant species and these advances now highlight a particular challenge to link the molecular biology-based studies to changes in the phenome of plant species. Selected examples are provided to review advances in defining environment-phenotype interactions, the genome-transcriptome-proteome in plants and translating research outputs more broadly to society. The specific examples include computer modelling of plant phenotypes and responses to environmental signals, advances in small molecule signal transduction, visualising macromolecules and defining the complex genomes that are important to society. The need to translate research outputs to society more broadly is also discussed.