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Pediatric Rhabdomyolysis

Heidi S Szugye1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.

Pediatrics in Review
|June 3, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric rhabdomyolysis, a condition causing muscle breakdown, requires prompt recognition and management to prevent acute kidney injury. This review offers a clinical approach for pediatric rhabdomyolysis, addressing triggers, pathophysiology, and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Pediatric rhabdomyolysis is a frequent diagnosis with significant potential for complications like acute kidney injury.
  • Viral infections are the most common identified triggers in the pediatric population.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis is intricate and requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of pediatric rhabdomyolysis.
  • To establish a general clinical approach for managing pediatric rhabdomyolysis in the absence of existing guidelines.
  • To assist clinicians in history taking, physical examination, diagnosis, acute management, follow-up, and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on pediatric rhabdomyolysis.
  • Analysis of triggers, pathophysiology, and clinical management strategies.
  • Synthesis of information to propose a practical clinical approach.

Main Results:

  • Viruses are the predominant cause of rhabdomyolysis in children.
  • Understanding the muscle injury cascade is crucial for effective management.
  • No established clinical guidelines currently exist for pediatric rhabdomyolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and management of pediatric rhabdomyolysis are vital to avoid complications such as acute kidney injury.
  • A structured clinical approach, informed by current literature, can guide pediatricians in managing this condition.
  • Further research into the pathophysiology and standardized management protocols is warranted.

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