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Changes in Behavior with Increasing Pregnancy Attempt Time: A Prospective Cohort Study.

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Couples attempting pregnancy showed modest behavior changes over time, with notable reductions in caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana use. Efforts to improve conception chances increased significantly, while smoking and stress levels remained largely unchanged.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on how couple behaviors evolve during the pregnancy attempt period.
  • Understanding these behavioral shifts is crucial for preconception health guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in selected lifestyle behaviors among couples actively trying to conceive.
  • To quantify behavioral modifications over time in a North American preconception cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A North American preconception cohort study tracked females aged 21-45 attempting pregnancy without fertility treatment.
  • Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and every two months for up to 12 months or until pregnancy was achieved.

Main Results:

  • Over 12 months, significant reductions were observed in caffeine intake (-19.5 mg/day), alcohol consumption (-0.85 drinks/week), and marijuana use (-3.89 percentage points).
  • Vigorous exercise decreased (-0.68 hours/week), while conception-enhancing activities (e.g., ovulation testing) increased substantially (21.7 percentage points).
  • Cigarette smoking, perceived stress, and sugar-sweetened soda intake showed minimal mean changes, though individual variability existed.

Conclusions:

  • While many behaviors exhibited changes with increasing time trying to conceive, the average modifications were modest for most factors.
  • The most pronounced behavioral shifts involved caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana consumption, alongside the adoption of methods to enhance conception probability.