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Pathophysiological Responses to a Record-Breaking Multi-hour Underwater Endurance Performance: A Case Study.

Vittore Verratti¹, Gerardo Bosco², Vincenzo Zanon²

¹Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. vittore.verratti@unich.it.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|June 4, 2020

Summary

This study examined physiological responses to a record-breaking nonstop dive. The diver experienced significant inflammatory, hematological, and endocrine changes, indicating extreme physiological stress similar to ultra-endurance exercise.

Keywords:

Diving Extreme homeostasis Hormones Inflammation Underwater performance

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Sports Medicine
Environmental Health

Background:

Extreme underwater performance presents unique physiological challenges.
Understanding the body's response to prolonged diving is crucial for diver safety and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the inflammatory, hematological, and endocrine responses of an experienced diver during a world record attempt for nonstop underwater performance.
To characterize the physiological stress markers associated with extreme, prolonged diving.

Main Methods:

A single experienced male diver participated in a record-breaking nonstop dive.
Venous blood samples were collected at multiple time points: baseline, immediately post-dive, and at Days 1, 4, 12, Month 1, and Month 41.
Analysis included inflammatory markers, hematological parameters, and key hormones (neurotransmitters, reproductive hormones, stress hormones).

Main Results:

Significant alterations in white blood cell counts (increased neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils; decreased lymphocytes) were observed.
Elevated inflammatory markers, hematocrit, and hemoglobin immediately post-dive, followed by a gradual return to baseline.
Hormonal shifts indicated acute testicular insufficiency and stress responses, including changes in serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, insulin, and various pituitary and adrenal hormones.

Conclusions:

The extreme, prolonged underwater performance induced significant psychological and pro-inflammatory stress.
The hormonal response suggested acute testicular insufficiency, mirroring physiological reactions seen in ultra-endurance exercise, vasculitis, and dehydration.