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Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
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Lead-free (Ag,K)NbO3 materials for high-performance explosive energy conversion.

Zhen Liu1,2, Teng Lu2, Fei Xue3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.

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|June 4, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new lead-free material, (Ag0.935K0.065)NbO3, for explosive energy conversion. This material offers high energy storage and rapid pulse current delivery, serving as a safer alternative to lead-based compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Explosive energy conversion materials are crucial for rapid energy release applications.
  • Current lead-based materials like Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 are environmentally hazardous and lack sufficient performance.
  • Limited research exists on novel, high-performance, lead-free alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize a new lead-free material for explosive energy conversion.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanism of its rapid energy release.
  • To provide a high-performance, environmentally friendly alternative to existing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of the lead-free (Ag0.935K0.065)NbO3 material.
  • In situ experimental investigations (e.g., X-ray diffraction, electrical measurements).
  • Theoretical calculations and simulations to understand phase transitions and mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a novel lead-free (Ag0.935K0.065)NbO3 material.
  • Achieved record energy storage density of 5.401 J/g.
  • Demonstrated rapid pulse current delivery (~22 A in 1.8 µs) with excellent thermal stability up to 150°C.
  • Identified pressure-induced octahedral tilt change and ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition as the energy conversion mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The newly discovered (Ag0.935K0.065)NbO3 material is a high-performance, lead-free alternative for explosive energy conversion.
  • The material's performance is attributed to a pressure-driven phase transition.
  • This research offers guidance for developing next-generation energy conversion materials and devices.