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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy
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Implication of image guidance in endoscopic third ventriculostomy: Technical note.

Muhammad Samir Irfan Wasi1, Salman Yousuf Sharif2, Farhan Gulzar3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Northern Humbershire, United Kingdom.

Surgical Neurology International
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Image guidance systems significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for hydrocephalus. This technique minimizes complications like hemorrhage and fornix contusions, aiding neurosurgeons.

Keywords:
Basilar artery hemorrhageEndoscopic third ventriculostomyFornix injuryImage guidanceThird ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is crucial for hydrocephalus management.
  • ETV carries significant risks of severe complications.
  • Image guidance systems (IGS) offer potential to mitigate these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the technique of using IGS for ETV.
  • To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of image-guided ETV.
  • To present a case study illustrating the procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed step-by-step description of image-guided ETV technique.
  • Includes trajectory planning, coregistration, and ventricular floor perforation.
  • Case presentation of a 54-year-old female with aqueductal stenosis.

Main Results:

  • 78 image-guided ETV procedures performed since 2012.
  • Zero intraoperative hemorrhages reported.
  • A low complication rate of 2.56% for fornix contusions.

Conclusions:

  • IGS is an essential tool for reducing ETV complications.
  • Image-guided ETV enhances procedural safety and efficacy.
  • This technique is particularly beneficial for neurosurgical trainees.