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Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Target frequency modulates object-based attention.

Joseph C Nah¹, Sarah Shomstein²

¹Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. josephcnah@gmail.com.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|June 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Object representations influence attentional selection, but spatial biases often take precedence. This study reveals that attentional guidance results from both spatial probabilities and object representations.

Keywords:

Object-based attention Space-based attention Visual selective attention

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Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Visual Attention

Background:

Object representations are known to contribute to attentional selection.
Previous evidence for object-based attention primarily comes from paradigms with inherent spatial biases.
The role of statistical spatial imbalances versus object representations in attentional selection remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how target frequency modulates object-based attention.
To differentiate between object-based attentional selection and spatial attention influenced by statistical regularities.
To systematically manipulate target appearance probabilities within a modified two-rectangle paradigm.

Main Methods:

Utilized a variant of the two-rectangle paradigm with parametrically manipulated target location probabilities.
Four experiments varied target distribution to equate spatial allocation, bias specific locations, or bias objects.
Participants performed a target discrimination task after a cue at one end of a rectangle.

Main Results:

Objects were found to bias attention.
However, spatial biases were consistently prioritized over object-based representations.
The degree of object-based attentional guidance was influenced by both spatial probabilities and object representations.

Conclusions:

Object-based attentional guidance is not solely driven by object representations.
Spatial biases, arising from statistical regularities, play a significant role and can be prioritized.
Attentional selection is a complex interplay between object-level and spatial-level processing.