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Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

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Correlates of Sleep Duration in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review

Zhiguang Zhang1, Eduarda Sousa-Sá1,2, João R Pereira1,3

  • 1Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.

Behavioral Sleep Medicine
|June 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Children under 5 with low income, single-parent households, or overweight parents may have shorter sleep durations. Promoting early bedtimes and limiting screen time are key for healthy sleep.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Science
  • Child Development
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adequate sleep duration is crucial for children's health and development.
  • Factors influencing sleep duration in young children are not fully understood.
  • Identifying correlates of sleep duration can inform targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize the correlates of sleep duration in children under five years of age.
  • To identify key factors associated with nap, nighttime, and total sleep duration in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of observational and intervention studies reporting baseline cross-sectional data.
  • Searched six electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) from inception to May 2019.
  • Extracted data using a predesigned form and categorized correlates using a sociological framework.

Main Results:

  • Included 116 studies with 329,166 children; 62 studies had a high risk of bias.
  • Identified 83 correlates of sleep duration.
  • Key correlates included child's age, bedtime, household income, parent marital status, parental adiposity, and screen time.

Conclusions:

  • Children in low-income households, single-parent families, or with overweight parents are at risk for short sleep duration.
  • Promoting healthy sleep habits, including earlier bedtimes, limited screen time, and consistent bedtime routines, is essential.
  • Further research is needed in psychological, cognitive, emotional, and physical environmental domains.
Abstract

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