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Related Concept Videos

Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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COVID-19: a review.

Irappa Madabhavi1, Malay Sarkar2, Nagaveni Kadakol3

  • 1Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Kerudi Cancer Hospital, Bagalkot. irappamadabhavi@gmail.com.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health crisis with severe clinical and economic impacts. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, with a fatality rate of 2-3%.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, originating in Wuhan, China, rapidly escalated into a global public health emergency.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits high virulence, a 2-14 day incubation period, and significant mutation rates within the Coronaviridae family.
  • Genomic analysis suggests bats as a potential primary reservoir, with human transmission pathways still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its origins, transmission, and clinical manifestations.
  • To highlight the global impact of SARS-CoV-2 on public health, healthcare systems, and the economy.
  • To summarize the epidemiological data and case fatality rates associated with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reported cases, recoveries, and deaths globally as of April 2, 2020.
  • Analysis of viral characteristics, including incubation period and transmission routes.
  • Examination of genomic data to infer potential origins and reservoirs.

Main Results:

  • As of April 2, 2020, over 1 million cases and 53,000 deaths were reported worldwide.
  • COVID-19 presents a wide spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe conditions like ARDS and multiple organ dysfunction.
  • Human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, driving the rapid spread of the pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 represents a significant global health threat with profound societal and economic consequences.
  • Understanding the transmission dynamics and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for effective public health interventions.
  • Continued research into the origins and evolution of coronaviruses is essential for pandemic preparedness.