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Review of Power Electronics Components at Cryogenic Temperatures.

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This review examines how cryogenic temperatures affect power electronics components. It identifies suitable materials for superconducting systems, including silicon devices and specific passive components for cryogenic operation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Cryogenics

Background:

  • Power electronics systems are increasingly used in cryogenic applications like superconducting systems.
  • Understanding component behavior at low temperatures is crucial for reliable system design.
  • Existing research on cryogenic performance of power electronics is fragmented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the influence of cryogenic temperatures on various power electronics components.
  • To identify materials and components suitable for operation in cryogenic environments.
  • To provide theoretical insights into the behavior of cryogenically cooled converters.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of power semiconductor devices (Si and wide bandgap switches).
  • Analysis of integrated circuits, passive components, and interconnection/dielectric materials.
  • Examination of typical cryogenic converter systems and underlying principles.

Main Results:

  • Silicon (Si) active power devices and bulk CMOS integrated circuits show suitability for cryogenic operation.
  • Nanocrystalline/amorphous magnetic cores, NP0 ceramic/film capacitors, and specific resistors are identified as cryogenically viable passive components.
  • Pb-rich PbSn or In solder, classic PCB materials, insulation papers, and epoxy encapsulants are suitable for cryogenic interconnections and dielectrics.

Conclusions:

  • Specific silicon-based devices, passive components, and interconnection materials are well-suited for cryogenic power electronics applications.
  • The findings guide the selection of components for reliable operation in low-temperature environments.
  • This review provides a foundational understanding for designing advanced cryogenic power systems.