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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
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Optimization of Sine-Wave Clocking for High-Frequency AC-DC Conversion.

Stephanie Hsu1, Ada S Y Poon1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study introduces a model to improve AC-DC conversion efficiency in wireless energy harvesting. It optimizes charge pump design by analyzing time-domain effects for better power delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Wireless energy harvesting devices require high AC-DC conversion efficiency due to limited available power.
  • Charge pump cells are critical components in AC-DC conversion for these devices, but introduce significant losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel model for characterizing losses in charge pump cells within wireless energy harvesting systems.
  • To provide insights into optimizing clock and switch parameters for improved AC-DC conversion efficiency.
  • To demonstrate the use of the model for design optimization and architectural comparison.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a time-domain model that incorporates the input radio-frequency (RF) energy wave.
  • Simulated the model using 0.18-μm CMOS technology.
Keywords:
AC-DC conversionCMOS integrated circuitscircuit optimizationenergy harvestingmodeling

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  • Analyzed the impact of threshold voltage, transistor switch sizes, and clocking strategies (sine-wave vs. square-wave).

    • Main Results:

    • The model accurately characterizes charge pump losses, considering time-domain effects.
    • Identified the impact of threshold voltage on reverse conduction and limitations of transistor scaling.
    • Demonstrated that the model can optimize design parameters to reduce charge pump loss.
    • Compared sine-wave and square-wave clocked charge pumps, revealing trade-offs between charge pump loss and clock generation power.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed model offers a valuable tool for enhancing AC-DC conversion efficiency in wireless energy harvesting.
    • Optimizing charge pump design through analysis of clocking and switch parameters is crucial for maximizing harvested power.
    • The model facilitates the evaluation of architectural changes, such as mixed-mode clocking, for efficiency improvements.