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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

2.2K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
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Coronavirus may cross placenta.

Jessica Hamzelou

    New Scientist (1971)
    |June 6, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Many questions persist regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand the full impact of COVID-19 on pregnant individuals and their babies.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on pregnant individuals.
    • Understanding the specific risks and outcomes associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy is crucial for clinical management and public health strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current state of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy.
    • To identify key unanswered questions and areas for future research.

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
    • Data from published studies, case reports, and surveillance data were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Existing data provide some insights into maternal and fetal outcomes.

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  • However, significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding long-term effects, optimal treatment strategies, and vaccine efficacy in pregnant populations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Despite ongoing research, many critical questions about COVID-19 in pregnancy remain unresolved.
    • Further investigation is essential to ensure the best care for pregnant individuals and neonates during this pandemic.