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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
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Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia.

Pablo Florenzano1, Iris R Hartley2,3, Macarena Jimenez4

  • 1Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Diagonal Paraguay 362, Cuarto piso, Santiago, Chile. pflorenz@uc.cl.

Calcified Tissue International
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare condition caused by tumors secreting FGF23. Early diagnosis and tumor localization are key for effective treatment and cure.

Keywords:
FGF23HypophosphatemiaTumor-induced osteomalacia

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome.
  • It results from tumoral production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).
  • Hallmark features include hypophosphatemia and abnormal vitamin D levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TIO.
  • To highlight the challenges in locating the causative phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs).
  • To discuss recent advancements in TIO management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic diagnostic approach: medical history, physical examination, functional and anatomical imaging.
  • Surgical resection of PMTs for cure.
  • Medical therapy with phosphate and active vitamin D if resection is not feasible.
  • Novel therapies: image-guided ablation, anti-FGF23 antibody (burosumab), pan-FGFR inhibitor (infigratinib).

Main Results:

  • Complete tumor resection leads to cure in TIO.
  • Locating small PMTs is a significant diagnostic challenge.
  • Fusion gene identification offers insights into PMT tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • TIO management requires a stepwise diagnostic approach to locate causative tumors.
  • Surgical resection remains the primary curative treatment.
  • Emerging therapies offer new hope for managing TIO when resection is not possible.