Round window accessibility during cochlear implantation
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 19, 2025
Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
Published on: June 16, 2022
Konrad Stuermer1, Tanja Winter1, Lisa Nachtsheim2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
Objective:
To assess data regarding round window (RW) visibility and surgical approaches in cochlear implant cases, and to describe and analyze surgical steps relevant for the RW approach in cochlear implantation.
Study Design:
Prospective clinical study.
Methods:
A questionnaire was completed by surgeons after each of altogether 110 cochlear implantations. Round window membrane (RWM) visibility was graded according to the St Thomas Hospital (STH) classification.
Results:
Performing different surgical steps during the preparation of the RW niche, the RWM could be fully exposed (STH Type I) in 87%. A RW approach could be used for electrode insertion in 89% of the adult and 78% of the pediatric cases. The distribution of RW types differed significantly between adults and children. Drilling of the superior bony lip was the surgical step most frequently needed in adult as well as pediatric cases to obtain optimal RW exposure.
Conclusion:
In children, optimized surgical exposure of the RW niche resulted in only 52% full RWM visibility; whereas in adults, this could be achieved in 87%. The facial nerve (FN) had to be exposed at the level of the posterior tympanotomy in more than 70% of pediatric cases with full RWM visibility; while in adult cases with 100% visibility, such specific exposure was necessary in only 33%. Thus, surgical preparation of the RW niche seems to be more demanding in children than in adults.
