Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Toxin gene truncation via IS1132 in non-toxigenic toxin gene-bearing (NTTB) Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM·2026

Same author

Disease-specificity in correlations between speech audiometry, hearing-related quality of life, and varying calculation methods for pure tone average in middle ear diseases.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

Radiological Features of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Positive and HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC)-Considerations for Multimodal Analysis.

Cancers·2026

Same author

Frequency of electrode migration and other device-related complications in a large single-center cochlear implant cohort.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

An agentic framework for autonomous scientific discovery in cancer pathology.

Nature medicine·2026

Same author

Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: A population-based registry study of primary versus metastatic disease.

Cancer epidemiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Published on: June 16, 2022

Round window accessibility during cochlear implantation.

Konrad Stuermer¹, Tanja Winter¹, Lisa Nachtsheim²

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

|June 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implant surgery shows round window membrane (RWM) visibility is better in adults (87%) than children (52%). Surgical preparation for the round window (RW) approach is more complex in pediatric cases.

Keywords:

Cochlea implant Cochleostomy Posterior tympanotomy Round window Round window visibility

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Published on: August 4, 2023

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Published on: June 16, 2022

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

Published on: August 4, 2023

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurosurgery
Medical Device Technology

Background:

The round window (RW) is a critical landmark for cochlear implantation.
Optimizing RW visibility and surgical approach is essential for successful electrode insertion.
Variations in RW anatomy and surgical exposure exist between adult and pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate round window (RW) visibility and surgical approaches in cochlear implant (CI) procedures.
To analyze surgical techniques for the RW approach in cochlear implantation.
To compare RW exposure and surgical challenges between adult and pediatric CI cases.

Main Methods:

Prospective clinical study involving 110 cochlear implantations.
Surgeons completed questionnaires post-surgery.
Round window membrane (RWM) visibility was assessed using the St Thomas Hospital (STH) classification.

Main Results:

Full RWM visibility (STH Type I) achieved in 87% of cases.
RW approach feasible for electrode insertion in 89% of adults and 78% of children.
Drilling the superior bony lip was common for optimal RW exposure in both age groups.
Significant differences in RW types observed between adults and children.

Conclusions:

Optimized surgical exposure yielded 87% RWM visibility in adults versus 52% in children.
Facial nerve (FN) exposure was more frequent in pediatric cases (over 70%) compared to adults (33%) for optimal RWM visibility.
Surgical preparation of the RW niche appears more challenging in pediatric cochlear implantations.