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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
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Fruit development and epigenetic modifications.

Dengguo Tang1, Philippe Gallusci2, Zhaobo Lang1

  • 1Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.

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|June 8, 2020
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Summary

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are crucial for fleshy fruit ripening. Manipulating the fruit epigenome offers new breeding strategies for crop improvement.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepiallelefruit developmentfruit ripeninghistone modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Fruit Development

Background:

  • Fruit development is a complex process influenced by hormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, regulate gene expression and chromatin states.
  • These epigenetic processes are vital for controlling gene expression during development and in response to environmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding epigenetic regulation during fruit development and ripening.
  • To identify key epigenetic mechanisms involved in fleshy fruit ripening.
  • To discuss current challenges and future directions in fruit epigenetics research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epigenetic regulation in fruit development.
  • Analysis of research on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs in fruit ripening.
  • Synthesis of findings on the role of epigenetic modifications in fruit crop improvement.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly DNA methylation, plays a significant role in fleshy fruit ripening.
  • Disruption of DNA demethylase function in tomato delayed ripening, while methylation inhibitors affected ripening in multiple species.
  • Evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications influence chromatin states and contribute to species-specific transcriptomes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are essential regulators of fruit development and ripening.
  • Targeting the fruit epigenome presents novel opportunities for crop breeding and enhancing fruit quality.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex epigenetic mechanisms governing fruit development and ripening.