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Updated: Dec 19, 2025

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Cheiloscopy in gender determination: A study on 2112 individuals.

Tim Peter Thermadam¹, Laxmikanth Chatra², Auswaf Ahsan³

¹Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

|June 9, 2020

Summary

Lip prints, unique to individuals, are reliable for identification. Cheiloscopy reveals distinct lip groove patterns, with specific types predominant in males versus females in the Calicut population.

Keywords:

Cheiloscopy gender determination lip print personal identification

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Anthropology
Oral Medicine

Background:

Lip prints are unique and permanent identifiers for individuals.
Cheiloscopy, the analysis of lip prints, serves as a valuable forensic tool for personal identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalent lip groove patterns within the Calicut population in Kerala.
To contribute anthropological data on lip print variations.

Main Methods:

A study of 2112 individuals (1056 males, 1056 females) in Calicut, Kerala.
Lip prints were recorded using lipstick and analyzed with a magnifying lens.
Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained prior to data collection.

Main Results:

Common lip groove patterns identified were Type 1', Type 1, Type 4, and Type 5.
Males predominantly exhibited Type 1' and Type 1 patterns.
Females predominantly exhibited Type 4 and Type 5 patterns, consistent across upper and lower lips.

Conclusions:

Cheiloscopy is a dependable method for personal and gender identification.
This research establishes geographical prevalence data for lip groove patterns.
Further studies in diverse regions will enhance the utility of cheiloscopy in forensic databases.