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Paediatric trauma aetiology, severity and outcome

C B Albin1, R Feema1, L Aparna1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|June 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Unintentional paediatric trauma, primarily from falls and road traffic accidents (RTAs), is a significant concern. Older children face higher risks of severe injury, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Paediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Paediatric injuries are a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Developing nations face a substantial burden from childhood trauma with limited research.
  • Understanding trauma patterns is crucial for resource allocation and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterns and outcomes of unintentional paediatric trauma.
  • To analyze trauma characteristics across different paediatric age groups.
  • To identify predictors of severe injury in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 1587 paediatric patients (<15 years) in a single-center emergency department.
  • Patients categorized into four age groups: <1, 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years.
  • Data analyzed for trauma mode, New Injury Severity Score (NISS), injury type, and location, comparing age groups.

Main Results:

  • Falls (28.2%) and road traffic accidents (RTAs) (26.5%) were the most frequent causes.
  • Injury location shifted from home to roads/playgrounds with increasing age.
  • Fractures/dislocations comprised 35.8% of serious injuries; RTAs and age ≥5 years predicted severe injury (NISS >8).

Conclusions:

  • Falls and RTAs are primary causes of paediatric trauma.
  • Injury environment changes with age, increasing risks on roads and playgrounds.
  • Road traffic accidents and older age (≥5 years) are independent predictors of severe paediatric trauma.
Abstract

Keywords:
Child injuriespaediatric traumatraumaunintentional trauma

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