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Measuring extraordinary experiences and beliefs: A validation and reliability study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Parapsychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Belief in the paranormal is globally prevalent.
  • Subjective paranormal experiences are frequently reported.
  • A validated instrument to differentiate paranormal belief from experience was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Noetic Experiences and Beliefs Scale (NEBS).
  • To assess paranormal belief and experience as distinct psychological constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 20-item NEBS with separate belief and experience subscales.
  • Administered the NEBS to general population adults (N=361) and a subsample (N=96) for reliability.
  • Conducted confirmatory factor analysis and evaluated divergent validity in a separate sample (N=646).

Main Results:

  • The NEBS demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha Belief=0.90, Experience=0.93).
  • Excellent test-retest reliability was observed (Belief r=0.83, Experience r=0.77).
  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported belief and experience as distinct latent variables with good model fit.

Conclusions:

  • The NEBS is a psychometrically sound instrument.
  • It reliably and validly differentiates paranormal belief from paranormal experience.
  • The NEBS can be utilized in future research on paranormal phenomena.