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Summary
This review classifies the Toxoplasma genus within the Eimeriidae family, recognizing seven species. It details their hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, and their life cycles.
Area of Science:
- Parasitology
- Zoology
- Microbiology
Background:
- The genus Toxoplasma is a significant group of apicomplexan parasites.
- Understanding the taxonomy and host range of Toxoplasma is crucial for disease control and ecological studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and clarify the taxonomic classification of the genus Toxoplasma.
- To identify and list the recognized species within the Toxoplasma genus based on host, structure, and life cycle.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of existing scientific literature on Toxoplasma.
- Analysis of host records, morphological characteristics, and life cycle data for each species.
Main Results:
- The genus Toxoplasma is placed within the apicomplexan family Eimeriidae.
- Seven species are recognized: T. gondii, T. alencari, T. brumpti, T. colubri, T. hammondi (formerly Hammondia hammondi), T. ranae, and T. serpai.
- Each species is associated with specific hosts, including a wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, with details on oocyst hosts provided.
Conclusions:
- The current review establishes a clear taxonomic framework for the genus Toxoplasma.
- This classification aids in differentiating species and understanding their ecological roles and host-parasite interactions.