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Social tolerance in Octopus laqueus-A maximum entropy model.

Eric Edsinger1,2,3, Reuven Pnini3, Natsumi Ono4

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Summary
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Octopus laqueus exhibits social tolerance, sharing dens despite a preference for solitude. This finding in octopuses challenges their solitary reputation and offers insights into animal social behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ethology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Octopuses are typically solitary, but Octopus laqueus in the wild live in close proximity.
  • This proximity suggests potential for social tolerance, a behavior rarely studied in octopuses outside of mating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the social tolerance of Octopus laqueus using shared den occupancy as a metric.
  • To determine how sex, den availability, and density influence den-sharing preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Two aquarium-based assays (Pots Equal and Pots Limited) were used to measure den preference.
  • 45 daily measurements assessed octopus choices between shared dens and solitary dens.

Main Results:

  • Octopus laqueus demonstrates social tolerance, sharing dens and tanks with minimal cannibalism or escape.
  • Individuals also showed social repulsion, often preferring solitary dens when available.
  • Den occupancy patterns align with a maximum entropy model balancing shelter-seeking and social avoidance.

Conclusions:

  • Octopus laqueus shows a stronger preference for dens than for solitude, indicating significant social tolerance.
  • This species tolerates mixed sizes in dens, a novel observation for octopuses.
  • The social disposition of O. laqueus makes it a valuable model for studying octopus social behavior.