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Skin Microbiome Analysis for Forensic Human Identification: What Do We Know So Far?

Pamela Tozzo1, Gabriella D'Angiolella2, Paola Brun3

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.

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Skin microbiome profiling offers potential for human identification in forensics. Microbial communities vary across body sites and time, providing unique identifiers for individuals.

Keywords:
collection methods of skin microbiomediversity of skin microbiomeforensic scienceshuman identificationskin microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Forensic Science
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Microbiome research is transdisciplinary, utilizing diverse computational methods.
  • Understanding microbial variation is key to using microbes as forensic evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature on skin microbiome profiling for human identification in forensics.
  • To assess the potential of skin microbial communities as forensic evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Analysis of existing scientific works on skin microbiome variability.

Main Results:

  • Skin microbial communities are personalized but vary systematically across body sites and over time.
  • Intrapersonal variation is smaller than interpersonal variation, indicating individual specificity.
  • The spatial and temporal variability of skin microbiota can be used for individual identification.

Conclusions:

  • Skin microbiome profiling shows promise for human identification in forensic applications.
  • Further research is needed to complete the understanding of microbiome variability for forensic use.