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Related Concept Videos

Behaviorism01:28

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The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
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Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Marble Burying and Nestlet Shredding as Tests of Repetitive, Compulsive-like Behaviors in Mice
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Demonstrating and disrupting well-learned habits.

Ahmet O Ceceli1, Catherine E Myers2,3, Elizabeth Tricomi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States of America.

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|June 13, 2020
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Researchers found that monetary incentives combined with performance feedback can disrupt well-learned habits, restoring goal-directed control. This study offers new insights into habit modification and potential treatments for habit-related disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Habits often override goal-directed behavior, making them difficult to change.
  • Understanding habit disruption is crucial for restoring control and treating pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for disrupting well-learned habits.
  • To test the effectiveness of motivation-based feedback in breaking habitual responses.

Main Methods:

  • Used a Go/NoGo task with familiar and novel color-response associations.
  • Implemented performance feedback and monetary incentives to disrupt habits.
  • Compared habit disruption across three experiments with varying feedback conditions.

Main Results:

  • Familiar associations demonstrated outcome-insensitivity, confirming habitual control.
  • Performance feedback alone did not disrupt established habits.
  • A combination of performance feedback and monetary incentives successfully restored goal-directed control, breaking habits.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the first successful laboratory disruption of well-learned habits.
  • Motivation-based feedback, particularly with incentives, is effective in habit modification.
  • Findings offer insights into habit execution, modification, and potential therapeutic applications.