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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

A Guide to Build a Highly Inclined Swept Tile Microscope for Extended Field-of-view Single-molecule Imaging

A Guide to Build a Highly Inclined Swept Tile Microscope for Extended Field-of-view Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: April 8, 2019

Micromirror-Embedded Coverslip Assembly for Bidirectional Microscopic Imaging.

Dongwoo Lee¹, Jihye Kim¹, Eunjoo Song¹

¹Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.

|June 14, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a low-cost, quasi-3D imaging tool for conventional microscopes. This device uses micromirrors and microchannels on coverslips to enable bidirectional imaging for analyzing cellular structures.

Keywords:

3D imaging Optical MEMS microfabrication micromirror

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Imaging
Microscopy
Cell Biology

Background:

3D imaging of biological samples reveals crucial cellular and subcellular details.
Conventional 3D microscopy systems (confocal, tomographic) are often complex and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an accessible quasi-3D imaging tool compatible with standard microscopes.
To enable bidirectional imaging for enhanced analysis of biological structures.

Main Methods:

Integration of microfabricated micromirrors (45° reflection, >95% reflectance) onto coverslips.
Assembly of micromirror-embedded coverslips into microchannel structures.
Utilizing a conventional microscope for bidirectional imaging with focal plane control.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a simple, disposable device for quasi-3D imaging.
Achieved quick analysis of 3D information, including 3D positions and subcellular structures.
Successful imaging of microbeads and cells using bright-field and fluorescent microscopy.

Conclusions:

The developed tool offers a cost-effective solution for obtaining 3D imaging data.
This approach enhances the capabilities of conventional microscopes for biological research.
Facilitates rapid 3D analysis of cellular and subcellular details.