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The competitive athlete with type 1 diabetes.

Michael C Riddell1,2, Sam N Scott3,4, Paul A Fournier5

  • 1School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Centre and Physical Activity & Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. mriddell@yorku.ca.

Diabetologia
|June 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Athletes with type 1 diabetes can achieve good glucose control and performance with tailored insulin and nutrition strategies. Managing blood glucose during exercise remains a key challenge, especially during endurance events.

Keywords:
AthleteCarbohydrateCompetitionContinuous glucose monitoringExerciseGlucoseInsulinNutritionReviewSportType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Regular exercise is crucial for individuals with type 1 diabetes, impacting health, fitness, and longevity.
  • Athletes with type 1 diabetes often aim to train and compete, necessitating careful management of the condition.
  • Maintaining stable glucose levels during physical activity presents a significant challenge for these athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique metabolic responses to various exercise types in athletes with type 1 diabetes.
  • To discuss strategies for optimizing glucose management and exercise performance.
  • To highlight the challenges and benefits of different nutritional approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on exercise physiology and type 1 diabetes management.
  • Analysis of metabolic responses, including glycogen utilization and glucose regulation.
  • Examination of nutritional and insulin adjustment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Good glucose management allows for normal muscle, liver, and glycogen metabolism in athletes with type 1 diabetes.
  • Exercise performance can be enhanced through adjustments in insulin dosage and nutritional intake.
  • High carbohydrate intake during long-distance events benefits both glucose control and performance.
  • Lower carbohydrate intake may be suitable for training and rest days for some athletes.

Conclusions:

  • Athletes with type 1 diabetes can successfully engage in regular exercise and competition.
  • Personalized insulin and nutrition strategies are essential for managing glucose levels during training and events.
  • Understanding individual metabolic responses to exercise is key to optimizing performance and health.