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Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Test Cross

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Published on: September 1, 2017

Breeder friendly phenotyping.

Matthew Reynolds¹, Scott Chapman², Leonardo Crespo-Herrera¹

¹International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Mexico.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology

|June 15, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Comprehensive phenotyping, from accessible minimum data sets to high-throughput and precision methods, offers significant value in crop breeding and research. Investing in advanced phenotyping supports crop genomics and prediction models for trait discovery.

Keywords:

Climate resilience Disease resistance Phenotyping Plant breeding Translational research

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Area of Science:

Crop science
Plant breeding
Genomics

Background:

Modern phenotyping integrates advanced sensor technology and data processing for high-resolution trait data collection.
Despite technological advances, comprehensive and sometimes destructive phenotyping remains crucial for breeding and research applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the 'breeder friendliness' of different phenotyping approaches.
To assess the applicability of phenotyping categories across various research and breeding contexts.
To highlight the growing acceptance of phenotyping investment for crop improvement.

Main Methods:

Categorization of phenotyping into three domains: minimum data set, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), and precision phenotyping.
Analysis of phenotyping contexts including breeding, genetic resource exploration, and translational research.
Discussion of the integration of phenotyping data with crop genomics and prediction models.

Main Results:

Minimum data set phenotyping prioritizes accessibility and ease of use, often relying on visual assessment.
High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) requires substantial investment and technical expertise.
Precision phenotyping involves detailed, customized trait characterization for specific environments, demanding significant resources.

Conclusions:

Phenotyping investment is increasingly accepted to leverage advances in crop genomics and prediction.
Different phenotyping approaches are applicable across diverse breeding and research goals.
Effective phenotyping strategies are essential for genetic analysis of complex traits and gene discovery.