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Does prenatal cocaine exposure predict adolescent substance use?

David S Bennett1, Michael Lewis2

  • 1Drexel University, GLAD Program, 4700 Wissahickon Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19144, United States of America.

Neurotoxicology and Teratology
|June 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal cocaine exposure did not predict adolescent substance use. Instead, peer substance use and depressive symptoms were key factors influencing alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use initiation and patterns.

Keywords:
AdolescenceParental influencePeer influencePrenatal cocaine exposurePsychosocial riskSubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is a potential risk factor for later-life substance use, but its predictive role in late adolescence is understudied.
  • Few studies have investigated both the initiation and continuation of substance use as outcomes related to PCE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine prenatal cocaine exposure and other prenatal factors as predictors of substance use in mid to late adolescence.
  • To identify the association between psychosocial risk factors and adolescent substance use patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 150 adolescents from birth.
  • Adolescent substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis) was assessed every six months from ages 15.0 to 17.5 using a computer-assisted self-administration survey.
  • Growth curve analyses were employed to examine the predictive relationships.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal cocaine exposure did not significantly predict adolescent alcohol, cigarette, or cannabis use.
  • Peer substance use was associated with past-month cigarette and cannabis use, and initiation of alcohol and cannabis use.
  • Depressive symptoms were linked to the initiation of alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use.

Conclusions:

  • Psychosocial factors, such as peer influence and depressive symptoms, appear to be more significant predictors of adolescent substance use than prenatal cocaine exposure.
  • These findings highlight the importance of addressing proximal environmental and psychological factors in interventions aimed at preventing adolescent substance use.