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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

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Published on: August 20, 2010

Drug Checking and Its Potential Impact on Substance Use.

Felix Betzler1, Jonas Helbig2, Leonard Viohl2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, felix.betzler@charite.de.

European Addiction Research
|June 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Drug checking services are highly desired in Berlin

Keywords:
Drug checkingHarm reductionParty scenePreventionSubstance use

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Published on: April 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drug checking services are a harm reduction strategy offered in limited locations globally.
  • International availability is scarce, and the practice remains controversial.
  • Understanding user perspectives is crucial for implementing effective harm reduction programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential impact of drug checking on illicit drug consumption patterns in Berlin's nightlife.
  • To identify factors influencing the uptake and avoidance of drug checking services.
  • To gauge the acceptance and utility of drug checking among partygoers.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional online survey was administered to individuals in Berlin's party scene.
  • The survey was conducted in 2019, with 719 participants.
  • Data collection focused on attitudes towards and intended use of drug checking.

Main Results:

  • Over 90% of participants expressed willingness to use drug checking.
  • A significant majority indicated they would adjust consumption (reduce or discard) based on test results.
  • Participants favored discarding samples with unexpected or unwanted substances and found brief counseling beneficial.

Conclusions:

  • Drug checking is highly accepted as a harm reduction tool within the surveyed scene.
  • The majority of users intend to modify their drug consumption behavior based on drug checking results.
  • Integrated brief counseling is valued and can enhance harm reduction education.