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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid.

Virginia A Jones1, Payal M Patel1, Kyle T Amber2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Panminerva Medica
|June 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) involves IgG autoantibodies, but eosinophils and IgE also play key roles. This review explores how eosinophils contribute to BP pathogenesis and blistering.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
  • Eosinophil Biology

Background:

  • Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease.
  • Traditionally viewed as IgG-driven, recent findings implicate eosinophils and IgE.
  • Understanding eosinophil roles is crucial for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on eosinophil involvement in bullous pemphigoid pathogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which eosinophils contribute to BP blistering.
  • To provide a foundation for exploring eosinophil-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mediators (e.g., IL-5, eotaxin, MMP-9) in BP.

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  • Examination of eosinophil interactions with the basement membrane zone (BMZ).

    • Main Results:

    • Eosinophils are present in BP blister fluid and at the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ).
    • Eosinophil products like metalloprotease-9 and granule proteins contribute to DEJ splitting.
    • IL-5 activated eosinophils and IgE autoantibodies are implicated in BP blistering.

    Conclusions:

    • Eosinophils are significant contributors to bullous pemphigoid pathogenesis.
    • Mechanisms involve eosinophil degranulation, extracellular trap formation, and mediator release.
    • Further research into eosinophil pathways may reveal new therapeutic targets for BP.