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Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview
Ricardo Wesley Alberca1, Luana de Mendonça Oliveira2, Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco2
1Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Obesity is a growing global pandemic linked to severe COVID-19 outcomes. This review explores how obesity affects immune response, nutrition, physiology, and the gut-lung axis to impact viral prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Public Health
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant global health challenge.
- Obesity is a prevalent risk factor associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity.
- Rising obesity rates worldwide necessitate understanding its impact on viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted aspects of obesity influencing COVID-19 outcomes.
- To explore the mechanisms by which obesity affects the immune response to viral pathogens.
- To examine the role of nutritional, physiological, and gut-lung axis factors in COVID-19 prognosis for obese individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on obesity and COVID-19.
- Analysis of immunological, nutritional, and physiological factors.
- Investigation of the gut-lung axis in the context of viral infections and obesity.
Main Results:
- Obesity alters immune responses, potentially impairing the body's ability to fight SARS-CoV-2.
- Nutritional and physiological changes in obesity can exacerbate viral disease progression.
- The gut-lung axis is implicated in modulating the severity of COVID-19 in obese populations.
Conclusions:
- Obesity presents a complex interplay of factors that negatively impact COVID-19 prognosis.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions for high-risk obese individuals.
- Addressing the global obesity pandemic is vital for mitigating future public health crises like COVID-19.
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