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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

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One Drop App With an Activity Tracker for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chandra Y Osborn^1,2, Ashley Hirsch¹, Lindsay E Sears^1,3

¹Informed Data Systems Inc, New York, NY, United States.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth

|June 17, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating an activity tracker with the One Drop diabetes management app significantly lowered hemoglobin A1c levels in adults with type 1 diabetes. This digital therapeutic combination shows promise for improving glycemic control in type 1 diabetes management.

Keywords:

activity tracker coaching diabetes digital therapy glucometer mobile app type 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

Digital health interventions
Diabetes management technology
Type 1 diabetes research

Background:

Mobile app support for diabetes management is globally available but its integrated features' value is unknown.
One Drop offers a digital therapeutics solution including a mobile app, glucometer, and coaching.
Previous studies show One Drop improves hemoglobin A1c in type 1 diabetes, but the impact of activity trackers is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the added value of an integrated activity tracker within the One Drop digital health platform.
To compare the 3-month hemoglobin A1c levels of adults with type 1 diabetes using One Drop with an activity tracker versus One Drop alone.

Main Methods:

A pragmatic, remotely administered randomized controlled trial was conducted.
Adults with type 1 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥7%) were recruited and randomized to receive either One Drop with an activity tracker or One Drop only.
Intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses using ANCOVA models controlled for baseline hemoglobin A1c.

Main Results:

The study enrolled 95 participants (mean age 41, 73% female, 88% White, mean diabetes duration 20 years, mean hemoglobin A1c 8.4%).
In ITT analysis, the One Drop and activity tracker group showed a significantly lower 3-month hemoglobin A1c (mean 7.9%) compared to the One Drop only group (mean 8.4%).
PP analysis yielded similar significant results, indicating the combined intervention's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

Combining the One Drop app with an activity tracker resulted in significantly lower hemoglobin A1c levels over 3 months compared to using One Drop alone.
The integrated digital therapeutic approach may enhance glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
This study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating activity trackers into digital diabetes management solutions.