Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

6.3K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.3K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.8K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.7K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

4.1K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
4.1K
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

3.9K
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
3.9K
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.7K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on the management of locally advanced neuroendocrine neoplasia of the small intestine and pancreas without distant metastases.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2025
Same author

Phage applications for biocontrol of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

International journal of food microbiology·2025
Same author

Short-acting urapidil compared to long-acting phenoxybenzamine in the management of pheochromocytoma.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2025
Same author

[Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms-Surgery in a multimodal concept].

Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

Changes in diagnosis and operative treatment of insulinoma over two decades.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2023
Same author

Mutation-based, short-term "neoadjuvant" treatment allows resectability in stage IVB and C anaplastic thyroid cancer.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2023
Same journal

[S3 Guideline "Adult soft tissue sarcomas"].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
Same journal

[Synopsis-S3 guidelines pancreatic cancer].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
Same journal

[Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery in gastric cancer to reduce surgical radicality].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
Same journal

[Future concepts for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of (resectable) pancreatic cancer].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
Same journal

[ASCO guidelines for the treatment of stage III NSCLC part 4: indications for adjuvant therapy].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
Same journal

[Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer-What is new?]

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

677

[Nodular goiter].

K Holzer1, D K Bartsch2

  • 1Sektion Endokrine Chirurgie, Klinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland. Katharina.Holzer@uk-gm.de.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|June 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery for benign goiter requires careful consideration due to high prevalence. Not all thyroid nodules necessitate surgery; diagnostic tools help select appropriate candidates for thyroid surgery.

Keywords:
Compression symptomsFine needle aspiration cytologyOperative indicationsThyroid glandThyroid imaging reporting and data system

More Related Videos

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

26.1K
A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

677
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

26.1K
A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Benign nodular goiter is highly prevalent in Germany.
  • Thyroid nodules are common, but few are malignant or symptomatic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline balanced and professional indications for benign goiter surgery.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnostic tools in patient selection.

Main Methods:

  • Thorough medical history and physical examination.
  • High-resolution ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland.
  • 99m-technetium scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration.
  • Application of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TI-RADS) classifications.

Main Results:

  • TI-RADS provides standardized risk stratification for thyroid nodules.
  • Asymptomatic, euthyroid goiters without suspicion of malignancy are not surgical indications.
  • Scintigraphically cold nodules without other malignancy evidence do not warrant surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention for benign goiter should be based on interdisciplinary consensus.
  • Exhaustive diagnostic evaluation is crucial before deciding on thyroid surgery.
  • Conservative management is appropriate for asymptomatic, non-suspicious thyroid nodules.