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Infectious Coryza: Persistence, Genotyping, and Vaccine Testing.

R A Gallardo1, A P Da Silva2, S Egaña-Labrin2

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Infectious coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (AP), persists less than 12 hours in the environment. Vaccines reduced clinical signs and bacterial shedding in chickens, but disease severity is linked to coinfections.

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry Health
  • Bacteriology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Reemerging infectious coryza (IC) in poultry, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (AP), leads to significant economic losses.
  • IC negatively impacts egg production in layers and increases broiler condemnations due to air sac infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the environmental persistence of AP in broiler flocks.
  • To genotype AP field strains and assess vaccine efficacy against IC.
  • To understand the role of coinfections in disease presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Environmental persistence of AP was experimentally evaluated.
  • Genotyping of AP field strains was performed by sequencing HMTp210 and HagA genes.
  • Vaccine protection was assessed in commercial and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.

Main Results:

  • AP showed limited environmental persistence (≤12 hours).
  • Phylogenetic analysis suggested field strains align with serovar C, with 100% homology to reference strains.
  • Commercial vaccines reduced clinical signs and bacterial shedding after two doses in SPF hens.

Conclusions:

  • Coinfections with other pathogens exacerbate clinical signs of IC in commercial poultry.
  • Vaccination can reduce clinical signs and bacterial shedding, but disease complexity requires further investigation.