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Related Experiment Video

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A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
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The fast-same effect of an exclusive-OR task.

Marc-André Goulet1, Denis Cousineau1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Ottawa.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

People identify matching stimuli faster than different ones. This study shows the "fast-same effect" stems from attribute facilitation, not response bias, in cognitive tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perception
  • Human Decision Making

Background:

  • The 'fast-same effect' describes faster decisions when stimuli are identical compared to different.
  • Existing theories attribute this to either response bias or stimulus attribute facilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between response bias and attribute facilitation as causes of the fast-same effect.
  • To test predictions in a task designed to remove response bias.

Main Methods:

  • An exclusive-OR same-different task was employed.
  • Participants judged stimuli as 'all-matching' or 'some-matching/some-mismatching'.

Main Results:

  • Participants were significantly faster in the 'all-matching' condition than the 'all-mismatching' condition.

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  • This outcome supports the attribute facilitation theory over the response bias theory.
  • Linear ballistic accumulator modeling confirmed faster evidence accumulation in the 'all-matching' condition.

    • Conclusions:

    • The fast-same effect is primarily driven by facilitation from repeated stimulus attributes.
    • Cognitive bias does not explain the speed advantage for identical stimuli.