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What we know and still do not know about tick-borne encephalitis?

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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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Tick-borne encephalitis in domestic animals.

J Salat, D Ruzek

    Acta Virologica
    |June 20, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) affects domestic animals like dogs and horses, potentially causing severe symptoms. Asymptomatic infections in ruminants pose a human health risk through contaminated milk, highlighting the need for veterinary vaccines.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant human neurological infection in Europe and Asia.
    • The virus (TBEV) circulates among ticks, rodents, and insectivores, with domestic animals also susceptible.
    • TBEV infection in domestic animals can range from asymptomatic to severe clinical signs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current knowledge of TBE in domestic animals.
    • To highlight the clinical manifestations and public health implications of TBEV in various species.
    • To discuss the potential role of veterinary vaccination in disease control.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of TBEV in domestic species.
    • Analysis of clinical signs and disease progression in affected animals.

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  • Evaluation of TBEV transmission routes and public health risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Dogs and horses may exhibit severe neurological signs similar to human TBE cases.
    • Ruminants (goats, sheep, cows) typically experience asymptomatic infections.
    • TBEV can be present in ruminant milk, posing an alimentary risk to humans.

    Conclusions:

    • TBEV poses a dual threat: severe disease in susceptible domestic animals and potential human infection via milk.
    • An experimental veterinary vaccine offers a promising strategy for prevention.
    • Vaccination of domestic animals could mitigate severe TBE symptoms and reduce human health risks.