p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Oncology
• Immunology

Background:

• Class IA PI3Ks are crucial in cancer drug development.
• PI3Kα (encoded by PIK3CA) mutations are common in solid tumors.
• PI3Kδ is primarily linked to immunity and hematologic malignancies due to its expression in leukocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the emerging role of PI3Kδ in solid tumors.
• To discuss the implications of PI3Kδ's role in current cancer research.
• To explore the potential of PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on PI3K isoforms in cancer.
• Analysis of evidence implicating PI3Kδ in solid tumor development.
• Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on PI3Kδ inhibitors.

Main Results:

• PIK3CA mutations' correlation with PI3K inhibition response is less clear than initially thought.
• PI3Kδ, despite rare mutations in PIK3CD, acts as a cancer driver in various solid tumors (breast, prostate, liver, etc.).
• PI3Kδ inhibitors show promise as monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Conclusions:

• PI3Kδ plays a significant, previously underestimated role in solid tumor progression.
• Targeting PI3Kδ offers a promising therapeutic strategy for various solid cancers.
• Further research into PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors is warranted for improved cancer treatment outcomes.