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Does education really not matter for health?

Mariana C Arcaya1, Albert Saiz1

  • 1Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|June 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study found no significant link between education and health outcomes using an Instrumental Variable (IV) strategy. However, researchers urge caution in interpreting results due to potential biases and the specific policy context.

Keywords:
Compulsory schooling lawEducationLocal average treatment effectsQuasi-experimentSocial determinants of health

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Area of Science:

  • Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
  • Educational Policy Evaluation
  • Econometrics

Background:

  • Education is widely believed to influence health outcomes.
  • Previous research suggests a positive correlation between higher educational attainment and better health.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal impact of education on health outcomes.
  • To apply a quasi-randomization strategy based on compulsory education law changes.
  • To assess the effectiveness of extended schooling on health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Instrumental Variable (IV) strategy leveraging quasi-random variation in educational attainment.
  • Compared health outcomes of individuals affected by compulsory education law changes versus those not.
  • Employed econometric methods to analyze exogenous differences in schooling.

Main Results:

  • The empirical analysis did not detect a statistically significant effect of education on health outcomes.
  • The study's findings challenge conventional assumptions about the direct education-health link.
  • Results are based on specific policy interventions and country selections.

Conclusions:

  • While this study found no significant direct effect, caution is advised before concluding education does not impact health.
  • Potential biases from measurement errors and heterogeneous treatment effects warrant consideration.
  • Further research should explore nuances of local average treatment effects (LATE) and contextual factors.