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Nail Changes Induced by Chemotherapeutic Agents.

Neerja Saraswat1, Aradhana Sood2, Rajesh Verma3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy can cause significant nail changes in over 60% of patients, with hyperpigmentation being the most common. Some nail toxicities may require chemotherapy modification.

Keywords:
Beau's linesMees' lineschemotherapeutic agentsnail changesnail matrix

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapeutic agents can induce nail toxicity, affecting the rapidly dividing cells of the nail matrix.
  • While often cosmetic, some nail changes necessitate chemotherapy adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and types of nail changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • To identify specific chemotherapeutic agents or combinations associated with nail toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Screened 205 cancer patients for nail involvement post-chemotherapy over 3 months.
  • Assessed chemotherapy protocols and performed clinical nail examinations.
  • Analyzed the types and frequencies of observed nail changes.

Main Results:

  • Nail changes were observed in 124 (60.4%) patients.
  • Diffuse hyperpigmentation was the most frequent change (81.4%), often linked to cyclophosphamide and adriamycin.
  • Other common changes included longitudinal melanonychia, Beau's lines, onychomadesis, and paronychia, with specific agents implicated in some cases.

Conclusions:

  • Nail toxicities are a common but often underestimated side effect of chemotherapy.
  • Certain nail adverse effects can be severe enough to warrant modification or suspension of chemotherapy regimens.