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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
443
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

226
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Valvular Damage.

Ines Paola Monte1, Matteo Cameli2, Valentina Losi3

  • 1Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.

Journal of Cardiovascular Echography
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Valvular heart disease (VHD) can occur in cancer patients due to treatments like radiotherapy. Early diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for managing radiation-induced heart valve damage, especially in younger survivors.

Keywords:
AnthracyclineHodgkin's lymphomabreast cancerechocardiographymediastinal radiotherapyvalvular heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a recognized complication in cancer patients, stemming from various factors including prior valve issues, radiation therapy, infections, and left ventricular dysfunction.
  • The incidence of VHD is notable in younger cancer survivors treated with thoracic radiation therapy for malignancies like Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of radiation-induced heart valve damage.
  • To outline diagnostic and management strategies for VHD in cancer patients, particularly those exposed to radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation involves identifying anatomical valve abnormalities, assessing valve dysfunction, and determining functional consequences on the ventricles.
  • Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for diagnosis and management.
  • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography (CT) can assess VHD severity, with cardiac CT useful for detecting extensive calcifications.

Main Results:

  • Radiation-induced heart valve damage is characterized by diffuse fibrocalcific thickening.
  • VHD is often diagnosed after a significant latent period, presenting with symptoms or murmurs.
  • Imaging techniques confirm anatomical and functional abnormalities, guiding therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • VHD is a significant concern for cancer patients, especially survivors of thoracic radiotherapy.
  • Regular follow-up is essential, with surveillance intervals tailored to VHD severity (2-3 years for minimal, yearly for moderate).
  • Severe VHD necessitates assessment for valve surgery to manage functional consequences.