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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Origin, pathogenesis, genes and genetic variations, immune responses and phylogenetic

Yasmeen Junejo1, Mehmet Ozaslan2, Muhamad Safdar2,3

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

Gene Reports
|June 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This review examines Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origins, pathogenesis, and immune responses. It summarizes strategies for developing effective COVID-19 preventions and vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic, causing widespread chaos and significant mortality.
  • The virus rapidly spread globally, declared a Public Health Emergency by the WHO, affecting over 210 countries.
  • As of June 3, 2020, there were over 6.4 million confirmed cases and 382,000 deaths worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins, pathogenesis, immune responses, and genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore phylogenetic analyses and potential therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
  • To summarize approaches for developing broadly effective preventions and vaccines for coronavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of existing data on viral origins, pathogenesis, and host immune responses.
  • Examination of genetic variations and phylogenetic studies.
  • Evaluation of current and proposed therapeutic and vaccine development strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of SARS-CoV-2 origins and its relationship to other coronaviruses.
  • Understanding of the pathogenesis and host immune system's reaction to the virus.
  • Identification of key genes and genetic variations influencing viral behavior.
  • Overview of phylogenetic analyses to track viral evolution and spread.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need for clinically approved vaccines and antiviral drugs for both new and existing coronavirus infections.
  • Developing effective, broadly applicable therapeutic and preventive strategies is crucial to combat current and future coronavirus outbreaks.
  • Further research into SARS-CoV-2 biology and immunology is essential for robust countermeasure development.
Keywords:
ACE2, angiotensin receptor 2BCoV, bovine coronavirusCOVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019EvolutionIBV, avian infectious bronchitis virusesOriginPathogenesisPhylogenetic analysisSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virusVariationsWHO, World Health Organization

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