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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Efficient Quantum Gates for Individual Nuclear Spin Qubits by Indirect Control.

Swathi S Hegde1, Jingfu Zhang1, Dieter Suter1

  • 1Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new indirect control method for hybrid quantum systems. This technique enables faster quantum gates in electron-nuclear spin systems, overcoming previous speed limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing Hardware
  • Spin Physics

Background:

  • Hybrid quantum registers, particularly electron-nuclear spin systems, are key for scalable quantum information processing.
  • Coherent control of these systems is challenging due to slow nuclear spin response to control fields, leading to gate times exceeding electron coherence times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel scheme for efficient coherent control of electron-nuclear spin systems.
  • To overcome the limitations of slow nuclear spin dynamics in achieving fast quantum gates.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an indirect control scheme using a minimal set of short pulses applied only to the electron.
  • Leveraging free system evolution under hyperfine coupling between electron and nuclear spins.
  • Utilizing this method to realize robust quantum gates, including nuclear spin Hadamard and controlled-NOT gates.

Main Results:

  • Achieved quantum gate operations with durations shorter than the electron coherence time.
  • Successfully demonstrated a Hadamard gate on the nuclear spin and a controlled-NOT gate with the nuclear spin as the target.
  • The scheme is effective even for weakly coupled electron-nuclear spin systems.

Conclusions:

  • The indirect control scheme provides an efficient method for coherent control in electron-nuclear spin systems.
  • This approach circumvents the need for extended system coherence times, simplifying quantum gate implementation.
  • The demonstrated technique serves as a proof of concept for systems like nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.