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Validation of 4D Monte Carlo dose calculations using a programmable deformable lung phantom.

Sara Gholampourkashi1, Joanna E Cygler1, Bernie Lavigne2

  • 1Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Physics, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study validates 4D Monte Carlo (4DMC) simulations for accurate dose calculation in moving tumors. The 4DMC tool, combined with RADPOS, precisely predicts radiation dose delivery during realistic respiratory motion, enhancing treatment verification.

Keywords:
4D dose calculationMonte CarloProgrammable deformable lung phantomRealistic breathing motionVMAT

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Dosimetry

Background:

  • Accurate radiation dose calculation is crucial for effective cancer treatment.
  • Respiratory motion significantly complicates dose delivery in radiotherapy.
  • Advanced simulation techniques are needed to account for anatomical deformation during treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the accuracy of 4D Monte Carlo (4DMC) simulations for calculating radiation dose to deforming anatomy.
  • To assess the performance of 4DMC simulations with realistic respiratory motion traces.
  • To compare 4DMC simulation results with experimental measurements using a deformable lung phantom.

Main Methods:

  • A deformable lung phantom with an elastic tumor was used, programmed with realistic respiratory motion profiles.
  • Irradiation was performed using static and VMAT beam deliveries.
  • Point doses and dose profiles were measured using the RADPOS 4D dosimetry system and films.
  • 4DMC simulations (EGSnrc/4DdefDOSXYZnrc) were conducted using recorded tumor motion data and compared with measurements.

Main Results:

  • Agreements between measured and simulated dose profiles were within 2%/2 mm.
  • Agreements for point doses were within 2σ of experimental uncertainties.
  • 4DMC simulations accurately predicted dose sensitivity to breathing motion phase.
  • The combined 4DMC and RADPOS method demonstrated accurate simulation of dose delivery to deforming anatomy with realistic motion.

Conclusions:

  • The validated 4DMC method, coupled with RADPOS, accurately simulates dose delivery in the presence of realistic respiratory motion.
  • This 4DMC tool shows potential as a quality assurance tool for verifying radiotherapy treatments involving respiratory motion.
  • The tool may also benefit adaptive radiotherapy treatment delivery strategies.