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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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Norms for emotion-false memory lists.

M Chang1, C J Brainerd2, M P Toglia3

  • 1Department of Human Development and Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, G331 MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. mc2674@cornell.edu.

Behavior Research Methods
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New Cornell/Cortland Emotional Lists (CEL) provide normed materials to study how emotion impacts false memory. Negative emotions increase false recall and recognition, while positive emotions enhance true recall and recognition.

Keywords:
ArousalDRMEmotionFalse memoryValence

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • False memory research is extensive, with growing interest in emotion's influence.
  • Existing literature highlights a need for standardized materials varying in emotional valence and arousal to clarify emotion-false memory effects.
  • The Deese/Roediger/McDermott (DRM) paradigm is a common tool for inducing false memories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Cornell/Cortland Emotional Lists (CEL), a novel pool of normed materials designed for emotion-false memory research.
  • To provide researchers with a standardized resource that manipulates emotional valence and arousal within a DRM framework.
  • To facilitate clearer understanding of how emotional content influences the formation and recall of false memories.

Main Methods:

  • Developed 32 DRM-type word lists with factorially manipulated mean valence and arousal ratings.
  • Ensured high mean backward associative strength (MBAS) across lists to reliably induce false memories.
  • Normed the lists with 228 participants across three universities, assessing recall and recognition performance.

Main Results:

  • False recall and recognition were significantly higher for negatively valenced lists compared to positively valenced lists.
  • True recall and recognition were significantly higher for positively valenced lists compared to negatively valenced lists.
  • High arousal levels amplified the observed valence effects on both true and false memory.

Conclusions:

  • The Cornell/Cortland Emotional Lists (CEL) are validated and effective tools for investigating the interplay of emotion and false memory.
  • The findings demonstrate that emotional valence and arousal significantly modulate true and false memory processes.
  • CEL provides a crucial resource for advancing research on the complex relationship between emotion and memory accuracy.