Low-Voltage Domain-Wall LiNbO₃ Memristors

Application of conducting ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) as functional elements may facilitate development of conceptually new resistive switching devices. In a conventional approach, several orders of magnitude change in resistance can be achieved by controlling the DW density using supercoercive voltage. However, a deleterious characteristic of this approach is high-energy cost of polarization reversal due to high leakage current. Here, we demonstrate a new approach based on tuning the conductivity of DWs themselves rather than on domain rearrangement. Using LiNbO₃ capacitors with graphene, we show that resistance of a device set to a polydomain state can be continuously tuned by application of subcoercive voltage. The tuning mechanism is based on the reversible transition between the conducting and insulating states of DWs. The developed approach allows an energy-efficient control of resistance without the need for domain structure modification. The developed memristive devices are promising for multilevel memories and neuromorphic computing applications.