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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status

Published on: May 18, 2019

Turtles and Tortoises Are in Trouble.

Craig B Stanford¹, John B Iverson², Anders G J Rhodin³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Herpetology Section, Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Current Biology : CB

|June 24, 2020

Summary

Turtles and tortoises face extinction, with over half of all species threatened. Urgent conservation efforts are needed to combat habitat loss and exploitation, preventing widespread chelonian extinctions.

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Area of Science:

* Herpetology and Conservation Biology
* Evolutionary Biology and Ecology

Background:

* Turtles and tortoises (chelonians) are ancient reptiles, integral to ecosystems for over 220 million years.
* Their unique shell is a key evolutionary adaptation for diverse habitats (terrestrial, freshwater, marine).
* Historically significant in human culture for at least 400,000 years.

Purpose of the Study:

* To examine current survival threats endangering chelonian populations globally.
* To discuss necessary interventions to prevent mass extinctions in the coming decades.

Main Methods:

* Review of scientific literature on chelonian population status.
* Analysis of threats including habitat loss, human consumption, and the pet trade.
* Synthesis of conservation strategies and required interventions.

Main Results:

* Over 50% of the 360 living turtle and tortoise species are threatened with extinction.
* Chelonians exhibit one of the highest extinction risks among vertebrate groups.
* Rapid population declines are driven by habitat destruction and direct exploitation.

Conclusions:

* Widespread extinction of chelonian taxa is a significant risk within this century.
* Immediate and comprehensive conservation actions are critical for species survival.
* Addressing habitat loss and human-induced pressures is paramount for future chelonian persistence.