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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
255
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

245
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
245
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

317
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
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Heart and Brain: Complex Relationships for Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Gianlorenzo Daniele1, Stephanie DiLucia2, Pier-Giorgio Masci3

  • 1Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive STB 313, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|June 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure and Alzheimer's disease share common triggers and may have similar pathogenic mechanisms beyond vascular issues. Research suggests a systemic protein misfolding defect connects these conditions.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseAβCardiomyopathyHeart failureProtein foldingVascular dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were historically viewed as separate despite shared risk factors and triggers like inflammation and hypoxia.
  • Emerging evidence links vascular dysfunction and reduced cardiac output in HF to AD hallmarks like amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles.
  • The "heart-to-head" connection is increasingly recognized, challenging traditional disease classifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting the vascular/hypoperfusion model in connecting HF and AD.
  • To explore a new hypothesis of the heart-brain axis as a shared organ system with common pathogenic mechanisms.
  • To highlight the complex, systemic relationship between HF and AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current evidence.
  • Exploration of emerging hypotheses on shared pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of genetic, biochemical, and epidemiological data.

Main Results:

  • Vascular dysfunction in HF contributes to AD pathology (Aβ plaques, Tau tangles).
  • Common genetic variants and biochemical characteristics suggest shared pathways.
  • Evidence points to systemic protein misfolding or seeding as a potential common mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between HF and AD is more complex than previously thought, extending beyond vascular mechanisms.
  • A systemic defect in protein folding or intercellular protein seeding may underlie both diseases.
  • Further interdisciplinary research is needed to fully elucidate the heart-brain axis in disease.