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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.3K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

11.1K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
47.4K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.2K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.2K

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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
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Dislocation-Free and Atomically Flat GaN Hexagonal Microprisms for Device Applications.

Maryam Khalilian1, Zhaoxia Bi1, Jonas Johansson1

  • 1Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00, Sweden.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed dislocation-free gallium nitride (GaN) hexagonal micro-prisms with flat tops, overcoming limitations of traditional nanowires (NWs) for advanced optoelectronic devices.

Keywords:
GaNIII-nitridemicroprismsphotonicsself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • III-nitrides are crucial for visible-to-ultraviolet LEDs and lasers.
  • Lattice and thermal mismatch in III-nitrides cause high dislocation densities, limiting device performance.
  • Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) offer a path to dislocation-free growth but have geometry limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for growing dislocation-free, atomically smooth 3D hexagonal GaN micro-prisms with flat top surfaces.
  • To enable the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices with improved efficiency.
  • To overcome the geometric limitations of GaN nanowires for device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Annealing of GaN nanowires (NWs) with thick radial shells.
  • Kinetically controlled shape transformation into hexagonal flat-top prisms.
  • Explanation of shape formation using a phenomenological model based on Wulff construction.

Main Results:

  • Successfully grew dislocation-free and atomically smooth 3D hexagonal GaN micro-prisms.
  • Achieved micrometer-sized flat top surfaces on the GaN micro-prisms.
  • Demonstrated that the final prism facet structure (m- or s-facets) depends on initial NW geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method transforms GaN NWs into hexagonal prisms suitable for optical devices like low-loss cavities.
  • These micro-prisms offer a promising platform for high-efficiency LEDs and other micron-sized III-nitride devices.
  • The findings are expected to stimulate further research in III-nitride micro-scale device engineering.