Current Status, Challenges, and Possible Solutions of EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computer Science

Background:

• Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research has seen significant advancements over the last two decades.
• BCI applications extend beyond medical uses, attracting broad research interest.
• Despite progress, new challenges continually emerge in BCI system development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in complete BCI systems.
• To examine electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI systems.
• To discuss challenges and propose solutions for recent BCI systems.

Main Methods:

• Overview of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI systems.
• Review of popular BCI applications focusing on control signals, feature extraction, and classification algorithms.
• Analysis of performance evaluation metrics for BCI systems.

Main Results:

• Identified popular BCI applications and their associated electrophysiological control signals.
• Detailed various feature extraction and classification algorithms used in BCI.
• Evaluated performance metrics for assessing BCI system effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• BCI technology has advanced significantly, with diverse applications.
• Ongoing challenges in BCI systems require further research and innovative solutions.
• Future directions for mitigating BCI system issues are recommended.