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Updated: Dec 17, 2025
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An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Published on: December 25, 2021
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Radiation protection by Ex-RAD: a systematic review
Ahmed Eleojo Musa1, Dheyauldeen Shabeeb2,3, Nnamdi O E Okoro4
1Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. musahmed@yahoo.com.
Summary
Ex-RAD demonstrates effective radioprotection for normal tissues against radiation damage, primarily by inhibiting apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway. Further research is needed to explore its effects on additional organs.
Area of Science:
- Radiobiology
- Radiation Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Protecting normal tissues from ionizing radiation damage is crucial in clinical and environmental radiobiology.
- Radioprotectors are essential for mitigating radiation-induced harm.
- Assessing radioprotective agents requires evaluating toxicity, tumor effects, tissue protection scope, administration ease, stability, and drug compatibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing studies on the chemical radioprotector Ex-RAD.
- To examine the efficacy of Ex-RAD in radiation protection.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Ex-RAD's radioprotective effects.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar).
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to retrieved articles.
- Analysis of 10 selected studies investigating Ex-RAD's radioprotective effects.
Main Results:
- Ex-RAD shows potential for effective radioprotection in studied organs.
- No significant side effects were reported for Ex-RAD.
- The primary mechanism of radioprotection by Ex-RAD involves the inhibition of apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway.
Conclusions:
- Ex-RAD exhibits promising radioprotective capabilities with a favorable safety profile.
- Inhibition of apoptosis via the p53 pathway is identified as a key mechanism.
- Future studies should investigate Ex-RAD's radioprotective effects on a broader range of organs.
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