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Do student social background and school context affect implementation of a school-based physical activity program?

Julie Dalgaard Guldager1, Jesper von Seelen2, Pernille Tanggaard Andersen3

  • 1Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark; Department for Research and Development, University College South Denmark, Lembckesvej 3-7, DK-6100, Haderslev, Denmark.

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Summary

Student connection to school positively impacts physical activity program implementation. Understanding these factors enhances school health promotion program success.

Keywords:
ImplementationInterventionPhysical activitySchool connectednessSchool contextSocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Educational Psychology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • School-based physical activity programs are crucial for promoting lifelong health behaviors.
  • Effective implementation is key to maximizing the impact of such programs.
  • Identifying influencing factors can optimize program delivery and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between student and school characteristics and the implementation of the 'Active All Year Round' program.
  • To identify key predictors of successful program implementation in a nationwide Danish context.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for improving school health promotion initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to analyze data from 276 fifth-grade students and 16 teachers across 16 schools.
  • Data sources included student and teacher questionnaires, in-class observations, and register data.
  • Implementation was measured using a composite score encompassing psychological reach, dose delivered, dose received, and fidelity.

Main Results:

  • Student perception of school connectedness was positively associated with program implementation.
  • Student-level factors, such as gender and family affluence, did not significantly predict implementation.
  • School-level factors, including physical activity policies and health promotion prioritization, showed varying associations with implementation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancing students' sense of school connectedness may improve the implementation of school-based physical activity programs.
  • Understanding pre-implementation factors is essential for optimizing the delivery and effectiveness of health promotion initiatives in schools.
  • Future research should explore the causal mechanisms linking school connectedness to program implementation and explore diverse student populations.